Commutative Property :
Consider two real numbers a and b.
Commutative property of addition :
a + b = b + a
Commutative property of multiplication :
a x b = b x a
Associative Property :
Consider three real numbers a, b and c.
Associative property of addition :
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
Associative property of multiplication :
a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c
Distributive Property :
Consider three real numbers a, b and c.
a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
Inverse Property :
Inverse property of addition :
a + (-a) = -a + a = 0
additive inverse of a is -a
Inverse property of Multiplication :
a x (1/a) = (1/a) x a = 1
Multiplicative inverse of a is 1/a.
Identity Property :
Identity property of addition :
a + 0 = 0 + a = a
Additive identity of a is 0.
Identity property of Multiplication :
a x 1 = 1 x a = a
Multiplicative identity of a is 1.
Problem 1 :
Find the sum by suitable rearrangement:
713 + 200 + 87
Solution :
= 713 + 200 + 87
By observing the expression, we notice that 713 and 87 are complements.
= 713 + 87 + 200
= 800 + 200
= 1000
Problem 2 :
Simplify
126 × 45 + 126 × 55
by using suitable property.
Solution :
= 126 × 45 + 126 × 55
Factoring 126, we get
= 126 x (45 + 55)
Here 45 and 55 are complements.
= 126 x (100)
= 12600
Problem 3 :
Siddharth purchased 10 boxes of chocolates to be distributed among the students. Each package has 10 packets, each of which contains 10 chocolates. Then how many chocolates did he order?
Solution :
10 boxes, each box will contain 10 packets and each packet will contain 10 chocolates.
Total number of chocolates = 10 x 10 x 10
= 1000
So, number of chocolates he order is 1000.
Problem 4 :
Shelly got 49 marks in Math, 39 marks in English, and 51 in Science. John got 62 marks in Math, 36 in English and 54 in Science. What are their total marks?
Solution :
Shelly got the following marks :
Math = 49, English = 39, Science = 51
John got the following marks :
Math = 62, English = 36, Science = 54
Total marks by Shelly = 49 + 39 + 51
Here 49 and 51 are complements
= 49 + 51 + 39
= 100 + 39
= 139
Total marks by John = 62 + 36 + 54
Here 36 and 54 are complements.
= 62 + 90
= 152
Problem 5 :
Simplify using distributive property:
23 × 99
Solution :
= 23 × 99
Instead of using direct multiplication, we can write the number for distributive property.
= 23 x (100 - 1)
= 2300 - 23
= 2277
Problem 6 :
Simplify by suitable rearrangement:
i) 643 + 346 + 357
ii) 5 × 241 × 20
Solution :
i) 643 + 346 + 357
Here 643 and 357 are complements.
= 643 + 357 + 346
= 1000 + 346
= 1346
ii) 5 × 241 × 20
While multiplying 5 and 20, we will get 100.
= (5 x 20) × 241
= 100 x 241
= 24100
Problem 7 :
Simplify the following using the distributive property:
i) 234 × 256 – 234 × 56
ii) 54 × 1001
Solution :
i) 234 × 256 – 234 × 56
Factoring 234 out,
= 234 x (256 - 56)
= 234 x 200
= 234 x 2 x 100
= 468 x 100
= 46800
ii) 54 × 1001
= 54 x (1000 + 1)
Distributing 54, we get
= 54000 + 54
= 54054
Problem 8 :
The cost of a chair is ₹7635 and the cost of a table is ₹12365. Find the total cost of 12 chairs and 12 tables.
Solution :
Cost of 1 chair = ₹7635
Cost of a table = ₹12365
Cost of 12 chairs and tables,
= 12(7635) + 12(12365))
= 12(7635 + 12365)
= 12(20000)
= 240000
So, cost of 12 chairs and tables is ₹240000
Problem 9 :
Find the sum by suitable rearrangement
47+953+6437
Solution :
= 47 + 953 + 6437
Here 47 and 953 are complements of 1000.
= 1000 + 6437
= 7437
Problem 10 :
i)
2698 × (100 + 9) = 2698 × 100 + 2698 × 9
is true by _________property.
ii) Use the same property to solve the expression:
51887 × 88 + 51887 × 12
Solution :
i)
2698 × (100 + 9) = 2698 × 100 + 2698 × 9
Using distributive property, they have distributed 2698.
ii) 51887 × 88 + 51887 × 12
Factoring 51887, we get
= 51887 x (88 + 12)
= 51887 x 100
= 5188700
Problem 11 :
Identify the property demonstrated by the following statements:
a) 12 + 13 = 13 + 12
b) 10 × (46 + 24) = 10 × 46 + 10 × 24
c) 100 + 0 = 0 + 100 = 100
Solution :
a) Comparing with a + b = b + a
12 + 13 = 13 + 12 is under commutative property.
b) Comparing with a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c
10 × (46 + 24) = 10 × 46 + 10 × 24 is under distributive property.
c) 100 + 0 = 0 + 100 = 100
identity property.
May 21, 24 08:51 PM
May 21, 24 08:51 AM
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